Unstable angina pectoris (UAP), NSTEMI, and STEMI: What separates?
Unstable AnginaCausing things: • thrombus partially or intermittent that occlude coronary arteries
Signs and Symptoms • Pain with or without the propagation of the arms, neck, back, or epigastric region
• Shortness of breath, diaphoresis, nausea, mild headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension or hypertension, decreased arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and heart rhythm abnormalities • There is at rest or with activity; intolerance of activity
Diagnostics • ST-segment depression or T wave inversion on electrocardiography • cardiac biomarkers (CK, MB, Trop I, Trop T) does not rise.
Treatments • Oxygen to maintain the level of oxygen saturation more than 90% (SpO2> 90%) •Nitroglycerin or morphine to control pain • b-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, statins (started on admission and continued long-term), clopidogrel (Plavix), unfractionated heparin or lowmolecular-weight heparin, and glycoprotein IIb / IIIa inhibitors
Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)
That which causes • thrombus partially or intermittent that occlude coronary arteries
Signs and Symptoms • Pain with or without radiation to arm, neck, back, or epigastric region • Shortness of breath, diaphoresis, nausea, mild headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension or hypertension, decreased arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and rhythm disorders • There is at rest or with activity; activity intolerance• long in duration and more severe than unstable angina.
Diagnostic Findings • ST-segment depression or T wave inversion on electrocardiography • cardiac biomarker rise
Treatments • Oxygen to maintain the level of SaO2 at> 90% • Nitroglycerin or morphine to control pain • b-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, statins ( started on admission and continued long-term), clopidogrel (Plavix), unfractionated heparin or lowmolecular-weight heparin, and glycoprotein IIb / IIIa inhibitors • heart catheterization and possible percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ongoing chest pain, hemodynamic instability, or increased risk of clinical worsening
Unstable angina, myocardial non-ST-segment MI (NSTEMI) and ST-segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) differ in relation to the duration, severity, and treatment, but those differences can be difficult to remember.
ST-Segment Elevation MyocardialInfarction (STEMI)
Things Cause • Obstruction of total coronary artery thrombusSigns and Symptoms• Pain with or without radiation to arm, neck, back, or epigastric region• Shortness of breath, diaphoresis, nausea, mild headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotensionor hypertension, decreased arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), and rhythm disorders• There is at rest or activity; limited activity• Length in duration and more severe than unstable angina (irreversible tissue damage[Infarction] occur if perfusion is not refundable)
Diagnostic Findings • ST-segment elevation or new left bundlebranch block on electrocardiography• Elevated cardiac biomarkers
Treatments • Oxygen to maintain the level of SaO2 at> 90%• Nitroglycerin or morphine to control pain• b-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, statins (started on admission andcontinued long-term), clopidogrel (Plavix), unfractionated heparin or LWMH• percutaneous coronary intervention within 90 minutes of medical evaluation• fibrinolytic therapy within 30 minutes of medical evaluation
(Anderson JL, et al. Circulation 2007; 116 (7): e148-e304; Hazinski MF, et al., Editors. Handbook of emergency cardiovascular care for healthcare providers. Dallas:American Heart Association, 2008.)